Revista de História das Ideias

Between Jesus of Nazareth and the Historical Jesus: A Genealogy of an Idea within the History of Ideas

Hudson Silva Lourenço

This article examines the category of the Historical Jesus from the perspective of the History of Ideas, discussing the ways in which this concept has been constituted and transformed from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century. The research traces the genealogy of the Quests for the Historical Jesus, from the early Enlightenment critiques of Reimarus and Strauss, through Bultmann’s approaches and the Third Quest, to contemporary decolonial perspectives that challenge the Eurocentrism of traditional constructions. It is argued that the Historical Jesus is an intellectual construct shaped by epistemological, cultural, and political disputes, reflecting tensions among faith, reason, and historical science. By analyzing the conceptual shifts surrounding the Historical Jesus, this study proposes that the History of Ideas offers a critical lens for understanding the multiple ways in which Jesus has been thought of across the temporal and spatial landscapes of Western intellectual history.

Nos confins da integração normativa

Fátima Pacheco

This paper focuses on the connections between EU law rules on international protection and the extradition procedure, in light of the principle of non-refoulement. Briefly framing the common European asylum system, the paper reflects on the role of the principle of mutual trust and the existence of mutual recognition of decisions granting refugee status. To this end, reference is made to Case C-352/22 of the CJEU, which examines whether refugee status granted by one Member State could have binding effects on another State in the context of an extradition request. Concluding that, although EU law does not expressly provide for the mutual recognition of such decisions, the CJEU stated that Member States must be certain that extradition cannot lead, directly or indirectly, to a violation of that principle. Therefore, it was clarified that a national of a third State should not be extradited until the State that granted the status revokes or withdraws it.

Keywords: Non-refoulement, refugees, extradition, mutual recognition.

The “Waiting Territories” in a changing Europe.

Fátima Velez de Castro

Abstract: The concept of “waiting territories” help to understand how migratory projects can have moments of deceleration. “Waiting” to arrive at destination, implies processes of deterritorialization and reterritorialization. Literary Geography contribute to understand migratory phenomena, such as return migrations, which occurred in the process of African decolonization. The geographic reading of the book "O Retorno [The Return]”, by Dulce Maria Cardoso, make possible to answer the key-question: how forced displacement of Portuguese people, living in colonies, was conditioned by “waiting territories”? Using the methodology of content analysis, it will be discussed the reality fictionalized by the author, who experienced this process in her adolescence, from the escape (deterritorialization) to the arrival in Portugal, where it was needed to wait and reconfigure the temporary living space (reterritorialization). This reflection can be useful to understand the dynamics of contemporary migrations in a changing Europe, with an increasingly diverse and intercultural migratory matrix.

Exploitation, Waiting and Expulsion: a critical approach to contemporary migration

Joana Sousa Ribeiro

This article presents a critical approach to contemporary migration considering Critical Theory. To address this challenge, it questions the accuracy of the notions of “communicative distortion” and “disrespect”, bearing in mind the proposals of two references from the so-called second (Jürgen Habermas) and third (Axel Honneth) generations of the Frankfurt School.

In an era of a certain “disenchantment of the world” (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1979), forms of inhumane treatment of those who, for various reasons, migrate seem to be relegated to the background. The reality of human suffering on a global scale converges with the transnationalisation of social practices, whose common denominator is the exploitation, waiting and expulsion of migrants.

We thus seek to analyse the dialogical dynamics of the production of indifference regarding the phenomenon of migration, which we call the “Praxis of Indifference”.

PhD. Candidate ELMAS HAXHIRAJ

Elmas Haxhiraj

This article examines a recent issue in the Western Balkans, namely the breakdown of diplomatic relations between Albania and the Islamic Republic of Iran because of the setting of Mujaheddin-e-Khalq (MEK), one of the adversaries of the Islamic State, on Albanian territory. While the Western Balkans are undergoing a new period of geopolitical and economic flux, Iran has taken an increasingly nuanced approach toward the region through a series of soft diplomatic and cultural ties. By examining why and how the MEK was established in Albania under strict American surveillance, the study shows that the US sought to reduce the Iranian presence in the region by relying on Albania as a strategic partner. Likewise, drawing methodologically on political statements from Iran and Albania regarding the MEK issue, the article makes the case that Albania accepted the MEK and cooperated with the US administrations to strengthen its profile internationally. Accordingly, this international alignment led to a drastic shift in Iran's approach toward Albania, accelerating the breakdown of diplomatic relations and rendering Albania more vulnerable to cyberattacks originating from Iran.