Community-based tourism and socio-ecological resilience in protected areas and surroundings: a review of applied methodologies

Abstract

This article is a review of methodologies applied in studies whose central focus is the analysis of the relationship between Community-based Tourism (TBC) and Socioecological Resilience (SER) in communities located in protected areas and surroundings. For this, peer-reviewed articles were selected, with a time frame from 2010 to 2021, using the Web of Science and. Science Direct databases. The thematic scope of the journals indicates the transdisciplinary nature of TBC and SER, proving the use of the latter as an analytical key in various domains of knowledge. The studies were mostly characterized by the analysis of slow drivers of change and short time frames. Qualitative nature studies were prevalent, as well as the ones that used the methodology of case studies and the application of multiple methods of collecting information. Among the methods regarding information analysis, there has been a predominance of content analysis and grounded theory. It was found that most of the studies were based on conceptual frameworks compiled from various authors. There are research gaps in longitudinal studies, in mixed methodologies (qualitative and quantitative), in analyzes at different geographic scales, in analyzes comparing perceptions of different actors, as well as action research approaches. Furthermore, there has been a growing interest in the topic TBC x SER in recent years, as well as the need for greater coverage of studies in territories characterized by high socio-biodiversity and the presence of tourism activity.