Vibrações induzidas por cravação de estacas: modelação numérica e validação experimental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14195/2184-8394_156_2Palavras-chave:
Vibrações induzidas pela cravação de estacas, modelo numérico axissimétrico FEM-PML, Validação experimentalResumo
As soluções de fundações indiretas são frequentemente utilizadas em edifícios localizados em cenários geotécnicos desfavoráveis. A cravação de estacas é uma possibilidade interessante para a sua materialização, com vantagens do ponto de vista económico e técnico. Contudo, é necessário assegurar que as questões ambientais, nomeadamente as vibrações geradas no meio envolvente, sejam devidamente acauteladas. Desta forma, os autores propõem uma ferramenta numérica para uma previsão atempada dos níveis de vibração induzidos. Esta ferramenta corresponde a um modelo axissimétrico FEM-PML, no qual os efeitos de não linearidade do comportamento do solo são considerados através de uma metodologia linear equivalente. Dada a complexidade do problema em apreço, foi desenvolvido e caraterizado um campo experimental para a validação da ferramenta numérica. O trabalho experimental desenvolvido incorpora ensaios laboratoriais e in-situ para a caraterização do solo e o registo das vibrações ocorridas durante a cravação das estacas. Foi alcançada uma concordância muito elevada entre resultados numéricos e experimentais, permitindo aferir a adequabilidade da ferramenta na previsão dos níveis de vibração induzidos pela cravação de estacas por impacto.
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