Mecanismos de ruptura por tração em maciço rochoso com fundações diretas. Pontes no granito do Porto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14195/2184-8394_161_3Palavras-chave:
Resistência à tração direta, capacidade de suporte em rocha, fundações superficiais, terrenos estratificados, granito do Porto, Ponte da FerreirinhaResumo
A resistência à tração é um parâmetro geomecânico que tem recebido muito menos atenção do que a resistência à compressão, sendo tradicionalmente difícil de estimar, utilizando-se habitualmente ensaios indiretos ou correlações empíricas. Este artigo apresenta os mecanismos de ruptura que podem ocorrer sob uma fundação direta, dando especial atenção às configurações que induzem ruptura por tração no terreno e para as quais é essencial avaliar corretamente a resistência à tração direta. Além disso, é apresentada uma nova configuração não estabelecida pelos mecanismos clássicos de ruptura, relativa a terrenos estratificados, onde é possível que a ruptura seja condicionada pelo parâmetro de resistência à tração. Estuda-se em particular o granito do Porto, cuja geologia local apresenta configurações de maciço rochoso horizontalmente estratificado, devido a distintos estados de alteração do material; obtêm-se amostras de granito com diferentes graus de alteração e efetua-se uma campanha de ensaios laboratoriais para avaliar corretamente o parâmetro de resistência à tração. Finalmente, o estudo é aplicado a duas fundações de pontes sobre maciços de granito do Porto, com diferentes e invertidos graus de alteração, onde a resistência à tração pode ser limitante: 1) a ponte Infante Dom Henrique; 2) a nova ponte da Ferreirinha.
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