Homogenización de barreras de arcilla para residuos nucleares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14195/2184-8394_152_3Palavras-chave:
Barreras de bentonita, Residuos nucleares, HomogenizaciónResumo
Las funciones de seguridad de las barreras de bentonita para residuos nucleares dependen principalmente del valor de su densidad seca (o porosidad). La evolución de esta variable durante la fase transitoria de la barrera es compleja. El artículo presenta una formulación teórica para calcular, mediante análisis numéricos acoplados, los cambios de densidad seca debidos a la hidratación de la barrera, prestando una especial atención a los procesos de homogenización. Se ha adoptado un modelo constitutivo de doble estructura para representar de forma más realista el comportamiento mecánico (tensión-deformación) de la bentonita. Utilizando la formulación presentada, se han simulado satisfactoriamente dos ensayos de hidratación, con distintas condiciones de contorno, sobre muestras que exhibían un elevado grado de heterogeneidad inicial. Los análisis predicen correctamente la saturación final de la muestra, el valor de la presión final de hinchamiento y, sobre todo, el proceso de homogenización que se produce durante los ensayos. El modelo de doble estructura utilizado ha permitido examinar los fenómenos de hidratación y homogenización desde una perspectiva más amplia.
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