Evolução das estratégias de gestão de incêndios e seu impacte na ocorrência e extensão espacial dos incêndios florestais acidentais num grande parque da savana africana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_26-1_2Palavras-chave:
Incêndios acidentais, incêndios antropogénicos, histórico de incêndiosResumo
As savanas cobrem aproximadamente 20 % da superfície terrestre global. Nas savanas africanas, o fogo é um importante agente que controla esses ecossistemas. O Parque Nacional Kruger (KNP) é um grande parque da savana africana que implementou uma variedade de estratégias de manejo de fogo ao longo do tempo. Usando o histórico de incêndios registado do KNP (durante 1941-2017), examinamos a ocorrência e a extensão espacial dos incêndios não programados no KNP em relação às adaptações das estratégias de manejo do fogo ao longo do tempo. Durante 1941-2017, os incêndios foram uma ocorrência regular quase anual no PNK. No entanto, as cargas de combustível acumulam-se ao longo do tempo, devido à extinção dos incêndios ou evitando a queima controlada nestas paisagens, e resultam em material combustível suficiente para suportar grandes incêndios não programados. Portanto, as estratégias de manejo do fogo influenciam a ocorrência e a extensão espacial dos incêndios não programados nas savanas africanas. A queima prescrita é uma ferramenta de gestão crítica que deve ser aplicada em paisagens propensas a incêndios, no entanto, são necessárias pesquisas para determinar o regime de fogo apropriado, necessário para gerir um sistema acionado por fogo.
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