Dinámica de deslizamientos en rocas blandas arcillosas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14195/2184-8394_152_8Palavras-chave:
Deslizamientos, dinámica, rocas blandas, casos reales, modelación numéricaResumo
El artículo analiza el comportamiento de deslizamientos en rocas caracterizadas por el predominio de su componente arcillosa y por una tipología de movimientos que se explican por el agotamiento de la resistencia al esfuerzo cortante en superficies o bandas de pequeño espesor. El artículo se centra en primeras roturas y, posteriormente, en el efecto de los planos de corte internos que se desarrollan por compatibilidad de movimiento. Las primeras roturas en materiales que exhiben un comportamiento de reblandecimiento bajo tensión están generalmente precedidas por un mecanismo de rotura progresiva seguido de un movimiento acelerado. El tipo de solicitación exterior (carga, descarga, cambio en presiones intersticiales) controla el mecanismo de rotura y su evolución. Ello se ilustra en varios ejemplos de roturas (Selborne, Viladesens, Sabadell, Aznalcóllar). Por otro lado, mediante análisis de sensibilidad utilizando el “método del punto material”, se muestra que el desplazamiento esperable depende del Índice de Fragilidad de la roca arcillosa. La geometría de las superficies de deslizamiento, a menudo consecuencia de la geología y los planos o estratos de debilidad, determina la evolución del movimiento y el desarrollo de superficies de corte en el interior de la masa movilizada que cruzan los planos de sedimentación. Este aspecto se analiza mediante ejemplos de deslizamientos compuestos y el caso del deslizamiento de Cortes (Valencia).
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