Interaction of gasoline organic compounds with three different soils. Part I – Retention study development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14195/2184-8394_113_4Keywords:
Contaminated soils, Laboratory tests, Contaminant retention, BTEX – Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and XylenesAbstract
This work deals with the problem of gasoline indicator compounds (BTEX – Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes) behavior in different types of soils, in the unsaturated zone. Laboratory simula - tions were used to create the contamination conditions and to study the interaction processes developed among existing phases in three different soils with BTEX, in controlled geotechnical and chemical condition systems. The simulation aimed at understanding which aspects of the interaction between the phases of the soil are the most important ones. The laboratory simulations for contamination were developed to understand and to pre - dict the contaminant retention process on solid phase. The results obtained concluding that water content (> 4%) plays a role that minimizes the influence of the soil mineralogy. Soils mineralogy is especially impor tant in dry to very dry soil conditions, helped by the concentration of the contaminants.
Downloads
References
API (1994). Transport and Fate of Non-BTEX Petroleum Chemicals in Soils and Groundwater.API nº4593 Health and Environmental Sciences Department, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC.
ASTM D 2487-85 (1985). Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (Unified Soil Classification System). American Society for Testing and Materials.
ASTM D4253-93 (1993). Standard test methods for maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table. American Society for Testing and Materials.
Donaldson, S.G.; Miller, G.C.; Miller, W.W. (1992). Remediation of gasoline-contaminated soil passive volatilization. Jounal of Environmental Quality, vol. 21, pp. 94-102.
ISO (1996). International Standard: soil quality – Vocabulary, Part 1: terms and definitions relating to the protection and pollution of the soil. ISO 11074-1, 1st edition. International Standard Organisation.
Jorge, C. (1999). Solos contaminados com gasolina – possíveis soluções. Comunicação apresentada ao Seminário sobre “Descontaminação dos Solos e das Águas Subterrâneas” organizado pela APEMETA (Associação Portuguesa de Empresas de Tecnologias Ambientais).
Jorge, C. (2001). Contaminação/Descontaminação de Solos com Gasolina – Influência das Carac - te rísticas dos Solos. Dissertação elaborada para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências de Engenharia pela Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto.
Lyman, W.J.; Reehl, W.F.; Rosenblatt, D.H. (1982). Handbook of chemical property estimation methods. McGraw Hill, New York.
McCaulou, D.R.; Jewett, D.G.; Huling, S.G. (1996). Compatibility of NAPLs and other organic coumpounds with materials used in well construction, sampling, and remediation. Ground Water Monitoring Review, vol. 16, pp. 125-131.
McNeely, S.D. (1998). Experiences in implementing risk-based design making in North America. CONCAWE/NICOLE Workshop on Implementing Risk-Based Decision Making Processes for Contaminated Site Management, September, Athens.
MDEQ (1998). Soil Saturation Concentration. Operational Memorandum nº4, Att. 6. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Storage Tank Division.
Mercer, J.W.; Cohen, R.M. (1990). A review of immiscible fluids in the Subsurface: Propreties, Models, Characterization and Remediation. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, vol. 6, pp. 107-163.
NCHRP (1996). Remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils. A synthesis of highway practice. National Cooperative Highway Research Program - Synthesis 226. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council.
Ong, S.K. e Lion, L.W. (1991). Mechanisms for trichloroethylene vapor sorption onto soil minerals. Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 20, nº1, pp. 180-188.
Petersen, L.W.; Moldrup, P.; EL-Farhan, Y.; Jacobsen, O.H.; Yamaguchi, T. e Rolston, D.E. (1995). The effect of moisture and soil texture on the adsorption of organic vapors. Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 24, pp. 752-759.
Riser-Roberts, E. (1998). Remediation of petroleum contaminated soils: biological, physical and chemical processes. Lewis Publishers.
Scheidegger, A.M.; Sparks, D.L. (1996). A critical assessment of sorption-desorption mechanisms at the soil mineral/water interface. Soil Science, vol. 161, nº12, pp. 813-831.
Schwarzenbach, R.P.; Gschwend, P.M.; Imboden, D.M. (1993). Environmental organic chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.. New York, NY.