Condições de higiene e ocorrência de episódios diarreicos em crianças menores de 5 anos residentes na Guatemala
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14195/0871-1623_41_1Palavras-chave:
doença diarreica, salubridade da habitação e espaço envolvente, higiene pessoal, potabilidade da água, higiene dos alimentosResumo
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o contributo das condições de higiene do agregado familiar e da salubridade da área de residência, avaliadas por índices compósitos especificamente desenvolvidos para este estudo, na ocorrência de quadros diarreicos em crianças residentes na Guatemala. Realizou-se um estudo ecológico com dados do Ministério da Saúde Pública e Assistência Social e Instituto Nacional de Estatistica. A relação entre a incidência de doença diarreica e os índices criados foi analisada através de coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e de regressões lineares. Em 2018, a incidência desta doença em menores de 5 anos era de 255.70 casos por 1000 crianças, observando-se um máximo de 382.61 casos, no departamento de San Marcos, e um mínimo de 95.23 casos, no departamento de Guatemala. Os resultados revelam a existência de associações significativas entre a incidência de doença diarreica e os índices de salubridade do ambiente da área de residência, salubridade do ambiente domiciliar e higiene dos alimentos consumidos pelas famílias em contexto domiciliar. Os índices de potabilidade da água usada para beber em contexto domiciliar e de higiene pessoal não se mostraram associados à doença. Considerando-se individualmente cada uma das variáveis que compõem estes dois índices, apenas a percentagem de agregados familiares que usa instalações sanitárias compartilhadas revelou associação com a ocorrência de diarreia. Conclui-se que para reduzir o fardo da doença diarreica é necessário implementar programas de educação para a saúde focados na higiene da habitação e espaço envolvente e na higiene alimentar, e de apoio ao saneamento básico.
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