Flow lines determination by the finite element method

Abstract

The usual procedure for analysing seepage by the Finite Element Method consists of the computation of the potential at all nodal points, in such a way as to satisfy Laplace's Equation and the boundary conditions. After the potential is determined it is also possible to evaluate the hydraulic gradients, the seepage velocities and the seepage rate in the region. Eventually, other quantities may be computed, such as pore pressures and seepage forces. Nevertheless, it is not feasible to determine the flow tines directly by this method.

This paper presents a formulation for problems relative to seepage in saturated soils, using flow functions. The numerical solution is obtained by the FEM. This formulation enables the determination of the flow tines for general conditions. Examples of practical interest are also presented.