Submissions

1. Guidelines for text preparation and publication

Text

• Each manuscript should not exceed 30 pages (30 lines within 70 characters each). This includes notes and bibliographic references.
• The manuscripts should also have the abstracts in the two languages of the publication (Portuguese and English), that should not exceed more than 800 characters. After acceptance for publication, the final version should be submitted in electronic format and must comply with the guidelines for text format.
• The abstracts must have from 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.
• The JEL codes should be provided whenever applicable. This classification system is published by the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) and is available at https://www.aeaweb.org/econlit/jelCodes.php?view=jel .
• It is the author’s duty to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format material that it is replicated on the submitted text.

Formatting texts

• The submitted paper should be presented in: Word Format; size A4 (21x29.7cm) 1.5 spaced typescript; 3 cm lateral margins; formulas, figures, graphics and tables should be written with the same font and size as the text.
• Authors may use freely italics, subscript and superscript but bold should only be used on titles of sections.

DO NOT use: styles (headings, hyperlinks...) text in columns; headers; more than one font; automatic hyphenation; automatic numbering of sections.

Decimal numbers:

• Use a comma if the text is in Portuguese, and a single point in the case of English (e.g. 1,5 or 1.5, respectively).

Illustrations

• Illustrations (figures, graphics and tables) should be sequentially numbered.
• The title should be inserted in the text instead of being part of the illustration.
• Figures should be sent in GIF, JPEG or TIFF with a resolution of 300 dpi.
• The source should also be identified bellow the figures or graphs, by giving the original source or publication.

Graphics and tables

• Graphics originally created in Excel must be sent with the paper.
• Tables inserted in the text should be plain and simple. No pre-formatted style should be used as the tables will be further formatted according to the Notas Económicas
• The source should also be identified bellow the figures or graphs.

Acronyms

• All acronyms should be listed at the end of the text, except if there are just a few entries. In this case they can be written in full where they first appear inside brackets

Formulas

• The author should use Microsoft Equation from Word and never other equation editors such as Math Type.

Formulas should be written in the same font and size as the text.

Footnotes

• Footnotes should be referred at the bottom of the page in consecutive Arabic numerals. Footnote numbers should be superscript and placed after the punctuation mark.

2. Bibliographic references and guidelines of citation

• At the end of the text include, under the section References, the complete list of works that were cited in the text and only these ones should be indicated, according to the guidelines of citation and reference presentation.
• The year of publication should be associated with the consulted edition. If necessary, the date of the first edition can also be indicated.

3. Guidelines to citation

• The citations, identify the source from which the idea or extract must be presented between parentheses, in the body of the text, and consist of the author's name, the year of publication and, eventually, the number (s) of the page (s). If the author's name is an integral part of the text, only the year of publication will be placed immediately after and in parentheses.
• Due to the limited duration and constant alteration of the contents on the Internet, you should avoid including references to documents that only exist there.
• In case the work is published on CD-ROM, the citation must be made as follows: author, title of the article, title of the CD, followed by the indication [doc. electronic], place, publisher and date.
• All references and citations presented throughout the text must be included in the "References" section, according to the APA reference style (APA, 2010 6º Ed.). However, the list of reference should be presented according to the examples given bellow.

Article

Author, A. A.; Author, B. B.; Author, C. C. (year) Title of article. Title of the journal, Vol(issue), pp-pp.

Author(s) of the article: Surname, Name (capital letters in the beginning of proper names). In case of multiple authors, separated the names with a semi-colon, followed by a space.

Date of publication: between parentheses, followed by a space.

Title of the article: should be in lower case, except the initial of the first word, without italics or spaces, followed by a full stop. (Use capital letters only in the initials of the names. Ex: Silva, F.).

Title of the Periodic Publication: in italics followed by a full stop.

Volume: without italics or spaces, followed by a comma.

Pages of the article: initial page and the final page separated by a hyphen, without spaces followed by a full stop.

DOI Number: xx.xxxxxxxxxx if applicable followed by a full stop.

Ex: Bénabou, R. (2002) Tax and education policy in a heterogeneous agent economy: What levels of redistribution maximize growth and efficiency? Econometrica, 70(2), 481-517.

Blanchard, O.; Leigh, D. (2013) Growth forecast errors and fiscal multipliers. American Economic Review, 103(3), 117-120.

Book

Author, A A (1967) Title of Work. Location, Publisher.

Author of the Book: Surname, Name (capitals letters only in the beginning of the proper names: Silva, F.)

Date of the publication: between parentheses.

Title of the Book: in italics and only capital letters should be used at all the beginnings of words, followed by a full stop.

Local of publication: followed by a comma.

Publisher: followed by a full stop

Ex: Lucas, R. E. (1987) Models of Business Cycles. New York, Basil Blackwell.

Book chapter

Author, A.; Author, B. B. (1995) Title of chapter. In Editor, A.; Editor, B. (Eds.), Title of book, Location, Publisher, pp. xxx-xxx.

Author(s) of the chapter: Surname, Name (using only capital letters in the beginning of proper names, ex.  Silva, F.). In the case of multiple authors, separate each of them by a semi-colon and a space.

Date of publication: between parentheses followed by a space.

Title of the book chapter: followed by a full stop.

Name of editors: Write In, followed by the name of editors (using only the capital letters for the initials). In case the authors are the same as the editors, do not refer the last ones, and it should be followed only by the title of the book.

Title of the book:  in italics, followed by a full stop.

Local of the publication: followed by a full stop.

Publisher: followed by a comma.

Edition number: if not the first one, followed by a comma.

Pages of the chapter: pp. xx-xx followed by a full stop. Page numbers should have the full numbering, not abbreviated, ex: 1043-1171 and not 1043-71.

Ex: Acemoglu, D.; Autor, D. (2011) Skills, tasks and technologies: Implications for employment and earnings. In Ashenfelter, O.; Card, D. (Eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics Vol 4, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1043-1171.

Working papers

WP Author: Surname, Name (use capitals letters for the initials of the proper names: Silva, F.)

Year: in parentheses.

Title of WP (in lowercase).

Title of the publisher followed by the corresponding number.

4. In-text citation - Citing references in text

One work by one author

Author of the publication in parentheses: Surname, followed by a comma

Year of publication, close parentheses

Ex: (Kessler, 2003)

If the name of the author appears as part of the narrative

Ex: Kessler (2003) also found

One work done by two authors

Ex: as Kurtines and Szapocznik (2003) demonstrated

Ex. as has been shown (Joreskog and Sorbom, 2007)

One work by more than three authors

Surname (between parentheses), followed by et al.; without italics, then

Year and close parentheses

Ex:  (Kisangau et al. 2007)

Kisangau et al. (2007) found

Exception: If two references have more than the same three surnames with the same year, cite the surnames of the first authors and of as many of the subsequent authors as necessary to distinguish the two references, followed by a comma and et al.

Surname of the authors, followed by a comma

Expression et al.

Year between parentheses

Ex: Ireys, Chernoff, DeVet, et al. (2001) and Ireys, Chernoff, Stein, et al. (2001)

Work with an anonymous author

Indicate the title of the article, book or report in italics, followed by a comma

Year between parentheses

Ex: the book College Bound Seniors (2008)

Two more more works in parentheses

Order the citations of two or more works within the same parentheses alphabetically in the same order.

Surname(s) of the author followed by a comma

Year of the publication followed by a semicolon,

Surname of the author, followed by a comma,

Year of the publication and close parentheses

Ex: (Miller, 1999; Shafranske and Mahoney, 1998)

Citing specific parts of a book:

Surname of the author

Year of the publication followed by a comma

Indicate the page, p. number of the page, if it is a book chapter, please indicate the chapter number, chapter XXX

Ex: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005, p. 1)

(Shimamura, 1989, Chapter 3)