Constitutional or absolutist, they were all "Portuguese":

press, Liberal Revolution and Independence in the province of Maranhão

Abstract

The text analyzes elements of the printed debate referenced in the province of Maranhão, between the adhesion to the Liberal Revolution and the incorporation to the Empire of Brazil, in July 1823. For this purpose, it explores peculiarities of the implantation of the typographical activity in the province, a moment in which it also presents a group of authors and printed matter, and situates the Courts as a point of convergence between these authors in denouncing the “despotism” that would characterize their adversaries; then, it analyzes the main expectations of owners in relation to the new constitutional order; finally, it points to another convergence, related to loyalty to the Portuguese government, in view of the victorious Independence in Rio de Janeiro. On the horizon, it contemplates the political participation of other social groups, not recognized in the formal public spaces of representation, under constitution.