Gestão de resíduos de construção e demolição pós-terramoto: um caso em 2023 de um terramoto na Turquia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_32-extra1_20Palavras-chave:
RCD, recuperação pós-terramoto, gestão de resíduos de desastresResumo
Um terramoto de magnitude 7,8 afetou o sul e centro da Turquia, assim como o norte e oeste da Síria a 6 de fevereiro de 2023. O epicentro foi a 37 km a oeste-noroeste de Gaziantep. Este foi seguido por um terramoto de magnitude 7,7 localizado a 95 km a norte-nordeste do anterior. Verificou-se uma destruição extensa e dezenas de milhares de mortes. A gestão de resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) é uma parte essencial para a recuperação de desastres, considerando a frequência crescente de catástrofes naturais em todo o mundo. A mitigação dos riscos e o alívio da carga sobre os recursos naturais durante a fase de reconstrução, é crucial para a gestão adequada dos resíduos. Benefícios sociais, económicos e ambientais são todos possíveis com uma gestão bem planeada de resíduos provenientes de desastres. Esta análise centra-se nos resíduos gerados pelo terramoto de 2023 na Turquia, avaliando o método de gestão de RCD, suas deficiências e oferecendo sugestões para uma melhor recuperação de desastres no futuro.
Downloads
Referências
bhimanyu, H., & Raj, D. K. (2019). Study of Debris Generated by the Earthquake with Special Reference to Gurkha Earthquake 2015 in Nepal. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 53(1), 182-206.
AFAD (2022). Türkiye Disaster Response Plan. Ankara [in Turkish].
AFAD (2023a). 06 February 2023 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) MW 7.7 Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) MW 7.6 Earthquakes Preliminary Evaluation Report [in Turkish].
AFAD (2023b). 20 February 2023 Yaladağı (Hatay) MW 6.4 Earthquakes Preliminary Evaluation Report [in Turkish].
Amato, A., Gabrielli, F., Spinozzi, F., Galluzzi, L. M., Balducci, S., & Beolchini, F. (2019). Strategies of disaster waste management after an earthquake: A sustainability assessment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 146, 590-597.
Asari, M., Sakai, S. I., Yoshioka, T., Tojo, Y., Tasaki, T., Takigami, H., & Watanabe, K. (2013). Strategy for separation and treatment of disaster waste: a manual for earthquake and tsunami disaster waste management in Japan. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 15, 290-299.
Baycan, F. (2004). Emergency Planning for Disaster Waste: A Proposal based on the experience of the Marmara Earthquake in Turkey. In 2004 International Conference and Student Competition on post-disaster reconstruction” Planning for reconstruction” Coventry, UK.
Blengini, G. A. (2009). Life cycle of buildings, demolition and recycling potential: A case study in Turin, Italy. Building and Environment, 44(2), 319-330.
Brown, C., Milke, M., Seville, E., & Giovinazzi, S. (2010). Disaster Waste Management on the Road to Recovery: L’Aquila earthquake case study.
Brown, C. O. (2012). Disaster Waste Management: a systems approach.
Brown, C., & Milke, M. (2016). Recycling disaster waste: Feasibility, method and effectiveness. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 106, 21-32.
Brown, C., & Milke, M. (2012). Case Study Report: 2010 Canterbury and 2011 Christchurch Earthquakes–Demolition and Disaster Waste Management. Waste Management.
Cantegrit, L., Denot, A., Giraud, S., & Eisenlohr, L. (2014). Prévention et gestion des déchets issus de catastrophes naturelles: de l’anticipation à la gestion-Démarche opérationnelle et fiches d’application. Techniques Sciences Méthodes, (9), 69-79 [in French].
Channell, M. G., Graves, M. R., Medina, V. F., Morrow, A. B., Brandon, D. L., & Nestler, C. C. (2009). Enhanced tools and techniques to support debris management in disaster response missions.
Denot, A. (2016). Prevention and management of waste resulting from natural disasters. Waste management (New York, NY), 58, 1-2.
Domingo, N., & Luo, H. A. O. (2017). Canterbury earthquake construction and demolition waste management: issues and improvement suggestions. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 130-138.
Doygun, H. (2009). Effects of urban sprawl on agricultural land: a case study of Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 158,
-478.
Elvan, O. D., & Turker, Y. O. (2015). Access to justice in environmental matters in Turkey: A case study from the ancient city of Allianoi. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 43(4), 424-438.
Endoh, M. (2016). The Treatment of the Disaster Waste by Great East Japan Earthquake in Sendai City.
EPA (2019). Planning for Natural Disaster Debris.
Faleschini, F., Zanini, M. A., Hofer, L., Zampieri, P., & Pellegrino, C. (2017). Sustainable management of demolition waste in post-quake recovery processes: The Italian experience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 24, 172-182.
FEMA (2007). Public assistance – Debris management guide 260.
Fetter, G., & Rakes, T. (2012). Incorporating recycling into post-disaster debris disposal. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 46(1), 14-22.
Gabrielli, F., Amato, A., Balducci, S., Galluzzi, L. M., & Beolchini, F. (2018). Disaster waste management in Italy: Analysis of recent case studies. Waste Management, 71, 542-555.
Government of South Australia (2018). Disaster Waste Management Guidelines State Emergency Management Plan – Part 4 DWM Capability Plan – Annex A.
Grbeš, A., Bedeković, G., Kovačević Zelić, B., & Veinović, Ž. (2021). Emergency Management of the Construction and Demolition Waste–Challenges and Opportunities. kriznog upravljanja, 163.
Gyawali, T. R. (2022). Re-use of concrete/brick debris emerged from big earthquake in recycled concrete with zero residues. Cleaner Waste Systems, 2, 100007.
Hernández-Padilla, F., & Anglés, M. (2021). Earthquake Waste Management, Is It Possible in Developing Countries? Case Study: 2017 Mexico City Seism. Sustainability, 13(5), 2431.
Hu, Z. H., & Sheu, J. B. (2013). Post-disaster debris reverse logistics management under psychological cost minimization. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 55, 118-141.
İstanbul Technical University - ITU (2023). 6 February 2023 Earthquakes Preliminary Evaluation Report [in Turkish].
Japan Ministry of The Environment (2018). Disaster Waste Management Guideline for Asia and the Pacific.
Kartam, N., Al-Mutairi, N., Al-Ghusain, I., & Al-Humoud, J. (2004). Environmental management of construction and demolition waste in Kuwait. Waste Management, 24(10), 1049-1059.
Karunasena, G., Amaratunga, D., Haigh, R., & Lill, I. (2009). Post disaster waste management strategies in developing countries: Case of Sri Lanka. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 13(2), 171-190.
Kofoworola, O. F.,& Gheewala, S. H. (2009). Estimation of construction waste generation and management in Thailand. Waste Management, 29(2), 731-738.
Korkmaz, H., Çetin, B., Ege, İ., Karatas, A., Bom, A., & Özsahin, E. (2011). Environmental effects of stone pits in Hatay (Turkey). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19, 504-510.
Lauritzen, E. K. (1998). Emergency construction waste management. Safety Science, 30(1-2), 45-53.
McCreanor, P. T. (1999). Disaster Debris Management–Planning Tools. US Environmental Protection Agency Region IV.
Ministry of Environment and Urbanization of Turkey. (2015). Waste Management Regulation.
New Zealand Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency. (2018). Disaster Waste Management Planning Tool Working copy.
Panizza, M., Natali, M., Garbin, E., Ducman, V., & Tamburini, S. (2020). Optimization and mechanical-physical characterization of geopolymers with Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) aggregates for construction products. Construction and Building Materials, 264, 120158.
Parura, T. C. P., & Rahardyan, B. (2020). Evaluation of post-earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction disaster waste management in Palu. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 148, p. 06003). EDP Sciences.
Reinhart, D. B., & McCreanor, P. T. (1999). Disaster Debris Management – Planning Tools. EPA Region IV report.
Reliefweb (2023). Turkey-Earthquake: Emergency Situation Report.
Saffarzadeh, A., Shimaoka, T., Nakayama, H., Hanashima, T., Yamaguchi, K., & Manabe, K. (2017). Tasks and problems involved in the handling of disaster waste upon April 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, Japan. Natural Hazards, 89, 1273-1290.
Sakai, S., Poudel, R., Asari, M., & Kirikawa, T. (2019). Disaster waste management after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake: A mini-review of earthquake waste management and the Kumamoto experience. Waste Management & Research, 37(3), 247-260.
Sasao, T. (2016). Cost and efficiency of disaster waste disposal: A case study of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Waste management, 58, 3-13.
Skinner, J. H. (1995). Conclusions. In: Earthquake Waste Symposium, 12–13 June, Osaka.
Solid Waste Authority (2004). 2003–2004 Annual Report: Mountains of Debris. Palm Beach County. Solid Waste Authority, Florida.
State of California (1997). Integrated waste management disaster plan: guidance for local government on disaster debris management.
Strategy And Budget Department of Turkey - SBB (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report
SWANA (2005). Hurricane Katrina Disaster Debris Management: Lessons Learned from State and Local Governments, Briefing Report. Solid Waste Association of North America.
Tabata, T., Wakabayashi, Y., Peii, T., & Saeki, T. (2017). Environmental and economic evaluation of pre-disaster waste management. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 31-36.
TMMOB, Chamber of Civil Engineers. (2023). 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık And Elbistan Earthquake Pre-Evaluation Report [in Turkish].
Turkish Emergency Medicine Association - TATD (2023). Emergency Medicine Specialists Field Observation Report: 2023 Earthquakes.
Turkish Medical Association - TMA (2023). First Month Report on 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaras and 20 February 2023 Hatay Earthquake.
Turkish Thoracic Society - TTS (2023). Occupational Lung Diseases Study Group. “Asbestos Exposure Hazard in the Earthquake Zone” Press Release.
Trivedi, A., Singh, A., & Chauhan, A. (2015). Analysis of key factors for waste management in humanitarian response: An interpretive structural modelling approach. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 527-535.
UNDP (2006). Tsunami Recovery Waste Management Programme. In: Multi Donor Fund for Aceh and Nias. UNDP.
UNEP (2012). Managing post-disaster debris: the Japan experience. In: United Nations Environmental Programme.
Unlu, A., Kapucu, N., & Sahin, B. (2010). Disaster and crisis management in Turkey: a need for a unified crisis management system. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 19(2), 155-174.
UNOCHA (2013). Disaster Waste Management Guidelines, Edn. 2. Geneva: Emergency Preparedness Section. Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit.
USEPA (2008). Planning for Natural Disaster Debris. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste, USEPA, Washington.
US Geological Survey, USGS (2023). Event page of the M7.8 and M7.5 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence. https://usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/earthquakes
Ünal, S. B., & Yavuz, C. I. (2023). Disaster waste management after earthquakes: lessons from Turkey and Syria. bmj, 381.
Üzümcüoğlu, D. (2023). Factors to Consider in the Reconstruction and Design of an Earthquake-Devastated Region: A Case Study of the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake, Türkiye. The International Journal of Architectonic, Spatial, and Environmental Design, 18(1), 75.
Vásquez, A., Cárdenas, V., Robayo, R. A., & de Gutiérrez, R. M. (2016). Geopolymer based on concrete demolition waste. Advanced Powder Technology, 27(4), 1173-1179.
Volpintesta, F., Ossoli, E., Reggiani, A., Stabile, P., Santulli, C., & Paris, E. (2023). Geopolymers-based application for the up-cycling utilization of construction and demolition waste from the 2016 central Italy earthquakes. Materials Letters, 336, 133849.
World Bank, & Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (2023). Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes-Türkiye Report.
World Health Organization - WHO (2023). Earthquake response in Türkiye and Whole of Syria.
Xiao, J., Xie, H., & Zhang, C. (2012). Investigation on building waste and reclaim in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 61, 109-117.
Xiao, J., Deng, Q., Hou, M., Shen, J., & Gencel, O. (2023). Where are demolition wastes going: reflection and analysis of the February 6, 2023 earthquake disaster in Turkey. Low-carbon Materials and Green Construction, 1(1), 17.
Yang, C. P. (2009). Composition of demolition wastes from Chi-Chi earthquake-damaged structures and the properties of their inert materials. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 46(4), 470-481.
Zhang, J., Ding, L., Li, F., & Peng, J. (2020). Recycled aggregates from construction and demolition wastes as alternative filling materials for highway subgrades in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120223.
Zhu, J., Wu, S., Zhong, J., & Wang, D. (2012). Investigation of asphalt mixture containing demolition waste obtained from earthquake-damaged buildings. Construction and Building Materials, 29, 466-475.
##submission.downloads##
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Territorium
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
Os autores conservam os direitos de autor e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite a partilha do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
