“A Resposta de um Milhão de Euros”: A Visão das Juventudes Partidárias sobre as Oportunidades e Desafios da Comunicação Política nas Redes Sociais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-5462_45_13Palavras-chave:
juventudes partidárias, redes sociais, objetivos, oportunidades, desafiosResumo
A investigação sobre a da relação entre jovens, política e redes sociais não tem incluído o papel e a visão das juventudes partidárias. Neste estudo, procuramos colmatar essa lacuna, procurando perceber (1) os objetivos que norteiam a comunicação política das juventudes partidárias nas redes sociais e (2) que oportunidades e desafios elas identificam no processo. Para tal, recorremos a entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes das juventudes partidárias e grupos informais de jovens de partidos portugueses. A informação destaca-se como o principal objetivo comunicacional das juventudes partidárias, que não consideram as redes sociais o espaço ideal para o diálogo político. Embora as redes sociais sejam o principal canal de comunicação com os jovens, trazendo mais alcance, flexibilidade e possibilidade de feedback, vários desafios limitam a eficácia da comunicação: os recursos, o algoritmo, a fragmentação da audiência, os efeitos de seleção, a simplificação do complexo e a centralidade do contacto cara-a-cara. As implicações destes resultados são discutidas.
Downloads
Referências
Aagaard, P. (2016). The Fourth Age of Political Communication: Democratic decay or the rise of phronetic political communication? Nordicum-Mediterraneum, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.33112/nm.11.3.8
Allern, E. H., & Verge, T. (2017). Still Connecting With Society? Political Parties’ Formal Links with Social Groups in the Twenty-First Century. In S. E. Scarrow, P. D. Webb, & T. Poguntke (Eds.), Organizing Political Parties: Representation, Participation, and Power (pp. 106–135). Oxford University Press.
Anjos, M. (2024, January 10). TikTok e os jovens: A máquina de fazer extremistas. Visão. https://visao.pt/atualidade/sociedade/2024-01-10-tiktok-e-os-jovens-a-maquina-de-fazer-extremistas/
Audenhove, L. V., & Donders, K. (2019). Talking to People III: Expert Interviews and Elite Interviews. In H. V. d. Bulck, M. Puppis, K. Donders, & L. V. Audenhove (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research (pp. 179–197). Palgrave Macmillan.
Babbie, R. (2020). The Practice of Social Research. Cengage Learning.
Bennett, W. L., & Pfetsch, B. (2018). Rethinking Political Communication in a Time of Disrupted Public Spheres. Journal of Communication, 68(2), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx017
Boulianne, S. (2009). Does Internet Use Affect Engagement? A Meta-Analysis of Research. Political Communication, 26(2), 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600902854363
Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation: a meta-analysis of current research. Information, Communication & Society, 18(5), 524–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1008542
Boulianne, S., & Belland, S. (2022). Internet and political participation. In A. Ceron (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Technology & Politics (pp. 29–34). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Boulianne, S., & Theocharis, Y. (2020). Young People, Digital Media, and Engagement: A Meta-Analysis of Research. Social Science Computer Review, 38(2), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318814190
Cancela, J. (2023). Electoral Turnout. In J. M. Fernandes, P. C. Magalhães, & A. C. Pinto (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Portuguese Politics (pp. 291–307). Oxford University Press.
Cancela, J., & Magalhães, P. M. (2024, Março 15). Mulheres mais à esquerda. Jovens afastam-se de partidos antigos. Expresso.
Coelho, L., & Valente, L. (2024, Março 17). À boleia do TikTok e Instagram, Chega cresce entre os jovens. Expresso. https://expresso.pt/politica/eleicoes/legislativas-2024/2024-01-17-A-boleia-do-TikTok-e-Instagram-Chega-cresce-entre-os-jovens-9343c22d
Coleman, S. (2017). Can The Internet Strengthen Democracy? Polity Press.
Costa, P. (2022). Portugal em 2020 (A Participação Política da Juventude em Portugal, Issue 2). Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. https://gulbenkian.pt/forum-futuro/participacao-politica-dos-jovens-em-portugal/
Costa, P., Magalhães, P., Costa, E., Silva, P., & Ferreira, P. (2022). A Participação Política da Juventude em Portugal: Relatório Síntese. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. https://gulbenkian.pt/forum-futuro/participacao-politica-dos-jovens-em-portugal/
Coutinho, M. (2023, Abril 17). Juventudes partidárias ainda fazem sentido? Para uns são “academias de carreirismo”, para outros são “essenciais”. Expresso. https://expresso.pt/geracao-e/2023-04-17-Juventudes-partidarias-ainda-fazem-sentido--Para-uns-sao-academias-de-carreirismo-para-outros-sao-essenciais-6c1623d6
Cruz, M. B. d. (1990). A participação política da juventude em Portugal — as elites políticas juvenis. Análise Social, 25(105–106), 223–249. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41010797
Cunha, I. (2024, February 21). Consulta pública Antena 1. Jovens sugerem fim das juventudes partidárias. RTP. https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/consulta-publica-antena-1-jovens-sugerem-fim-das-juventudes-partidarias_a1552176
Dassonneville, R. (2017). Age and Voting. In K. Arzheimer, J. Evans, & M. S. Lewis-Beck (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Electoral Behaviour (Vol. 2, pp. 137–158). SAGE Publications Ltd.
de Roon, C. (2020). Party youth wing membership in the Netherlands: the role of organization-level characteristics. Acta Politica, 55(4), 629–647. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-019-00135-6
Ellison, M., Pollock, G., & Grimm, R. (2020). Young people’s orientations towards contemporary politics: Trust, representation and participation. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 23(6), 1201–1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-020-00984-4
European Consortium for Political Research. (2021). Party Youth Wings in the Twenty-First Century. https://ecpr.eu/Events/Event/PanelDetails/10645
Ferreira, V. (2017). Caminhos e desafios metodológicos na pesquisa com jovens. Em V. Ferreira (Ed.), Pesquisar jovens: caminhos e desafios metodológicos (pp. 17–32). Imprensa de Ciências Sociais.
Fielding, N., & Thomas, H. (2016). Qualitative Interviewing. In N. Gilbert, & P. Stoneman (Eds.), Researching Social Life (4th ed., pp. 281–300). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Forbrig, J. (2005). lntroduction: democratic politics, legitimacy and youth participation. In J. Forbrig (Ed.), Revisiting youth political participation: challenges for research and democratic practice in Europe (pp. 7–18). Council of Europe Publishing.
García-Orosa, B. (2022). Comunicação Política Digital na Lusofonia: Plataformização e Engajamento. Revista Lusófona De Estudos Culturais, 9(1), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.21814/rlec.3765
Geschke, D., Lorenz, J., & Holtz, P. (2019). The triple-filter bubble: Using agent-based modelling to test a meta-theoretical framework for the emergence of filter bubbles and echo chambers. British Journal of Social Psychology, 58(1), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12286
Gómez‐García, S., Zamora, R., & Berrocal, S. (2023). New Frontiers for Political Communication in Times of Spectacularization. Media and Communication, 11(2), 109–112. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i2.7069
Goyanes, M., Borah, P., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2021). Social media filtering and democracy: Effects of social media news use and uncivil political discussions on social media unfriending. Computers in Human Behavior, 120, Article 106759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106759
Goyanes, M., Borah, P., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2023). Political conversations and regret: A qualitative evaluation on the aftermath of political discussions on social media. Profesional de la Información, 32(3), Article e320302. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.may.02
Gray, L., Wong-Wylie, G., Rempel, G. R., & Cook, K. (2020). Expanding Qualitative Research Interviewing Strategies: Zoom Video Communications. The Qualitative Report, 25(5), 1292–1301. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4212
Habermas, J. (2022). Reflections and Hypotheses on a Further Structural Transformation of the Political Public Sphere. Theory, Culture & Society, 39(4), 145–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/02632764221112341
Heinze, A.-S. (2024). Drivers of radicalisation? The development and role of the far-right youth organisation ‘Young Alternative’ in Germany. International Political Science Review, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121231221961
Heiss, R., & Matthes, J. (2019). Does incidental exposure on social media equalize or reinforce participatory gaps? Evidence from a panel study. New Media & Society, 21(11-12), 2463–2482. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819850755
Holbein, J. B., & Hillygus, D. S. (2020). Making Young Voters: Converting Civic Attitudes into Civic Action. Cambridge University Press.
Hooghe, M., Stolle, D., & Stouthuysen, P. (2004). Head Start in Politics: The Recruitment Function of Youth Organizations of Political Parties in Belgium (Flanders). Party Politics, 10(2), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068804040503
Hopmann, D. N., Wonneberger, A., Shehata, A., & Höijer, J. (2016). Selective Media Exposure and Increasing Knowledge Gaps in Swiss Referendum Campaigns. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 28(1), 73–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edv002
Klinger, U., Koc-Michalska, K., & Russmann, U. (2023). Are Campaigns Getting Uglier, and Who Is to Blame? Negativity, Dramatization and Populism on Facebook in the 2014 and 2019 EP Election Campaigns. Political Communication, 40(3), 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2022.2133198
Koc-Michalska, K., Klinger, U., Bennett, L., & Römmele, A. (2023). (Digital) Campaigning in Dissonant Public Spheres. Political Communication, 40(3), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2023.2173872
Magalhães, P. (2022). Um retrato comparativo e longitudinal, 2002-2019 (A Participação Política da Juventude em Portugal, Issue 1). Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. https://gulbenkian.pt/forum-futuro/participacao-politica-dos-jovens-em-portugal/
Malafaia, C., Menezes, I., & Neves, T. (2018). Living, doing, and learning from politics in a youth wing of a political party. Qualitative Report, 23(1), 49–79. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3058
Maniates, M. F. (2001). Individualization: Plant a Tree, Buy a Bike, Save the World? Global Environmental Politics, 1(3), 31–52. https://doi.org/10.1162/152638001316881395
Machado, S. M., Ribeiro, V., & Meneses, R. (2023). A atividade das juventudes partidárias no Instagram em período eleitoral: inovação ou normalização? Teknokultura. Revista de Cultura Digital y Movimientos Sociales, 20(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.5209/tekn.80991
Matos, R., Soares, M., Torres, J., & Maia, R. L. (2023). Estudo sobre a participação política juvenil em Portugal: Resultados de um inquérito online e de grupos de discussão com jovens. Conselho Nacional da Juventude. https://www.cnj.pt/_files/ugd/687655_a16b940cde5e4b2fa32b75b55cf80467.pdf
Matthes, J. (2022). Social Media and the Political Engagement of Young Adults: Between Mobilization and Distraction. Online Media and Global Communication, 1(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2022-0006
Meuser, M., & Nagel, U. (2009). The Expert Interview and Changes in Knowledge Production. In A. Bogner, B. Littig, & W. Menz (Eds.), Interviewing Experts (pp. 17–42). Palgrave Macmillan.
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Eddy, K., Robertson, C. T., & Nielsen, R. K. (2023). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2023-06/Digital_News_Report_2023.pdf
Norris, P. (2003). Preaching to the Converted?: Pluralism, Participation and Party Websites. Party Politics, 9(1), 21–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/135406880391003
Penney, J. (2017). The Citizen Marketer: Promoting Political Opinion in the Social Media Age. Oxford University Press.
Pfetsch, B. (2018). Dissonant and Disconnected Public Spheres as Challenge for Political Communication Research. Javnost - The Public, 25(1-2), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2018.1423942
Pfetsch, B. (2020). Democracy and Digital Dissonance: The Co-Occurrence of the Transformation of Political Culture and Communication Infrastructure. Central European Journal of Communication, 13, 96–110. https://doi.org/10.19195/1899-5101.13.1(25).7
Pfetsch, B. (2023). Conditions of Campaigning in Dissonant Public Spheres and Crisis of Democracy. Political Communication, 40(3), 346–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2023.2193554
Pickard, S. (2019). Politics, Protest and Young People: Political Participation and Dissent in 21st Century Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
Reuter, L., & Frick, V. (2024). Between individualization and politicization: young people’s interpretation patterns and action orientations in the face of climate change [Original Research]. Frontiers in Political Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1324386
Saldaña, J. (2021). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (4th ed.). SAGE Publications Inc.
Sampaio, G. (2024, Março 20). AD e Chega foram os partidos mais votados pelos jovens dos 18 aos 34 anos? Polígrafo. https://poligrafo.sapo.pt/fact-check/ad-e-chega-foram-os-partidos-mais-votados-pelos-jovens-dos-18-aos-34-anos/
Santos, S. C., & Bicho, C. P. (2016). Eleições autárquicas 2.0: análise das estratégias de comunicação online de candidatos, partidos e movimentos independentes. Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas, (81), 189–210. http://journals.openedition.org/spp/2406
Schlozman, K. L., Brady, H. E., & Verba, S. (2020). Unequal and Unrepresented: Political Inequality and the People’s Voice in the New Gilded Age. Princeton University Press.
Serra-Silva, S., Carvalho, D. D., & Fazendeiro, J. (2018). Party-citizen online challenges: Portuguese parties’ Facebook usage and audience engagement. In M. C. Lobo, F. C. d. Silva, & J. P. Zúquete (Eds.), Changing societies: legacies and challenges. Citizenship in crisis (Vol. 2, pp. 185–214). Imprensa de Ciências Sociais.
Siegel-Stechler, K. (2019). Is civics enough? High school civics education and young adult voter turnout. Journal of Social Studies Research, 43(3), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2018.09.006
Silva, P., & Costa, E. (2022). As juventudes partidárias e os movimentos associativos (A Participação Política da Juventude em Portugal, Issue 3). Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. https://gulbenkian.pt/forum-futuro/participacao-politica-dos-jovens-em-portugal/
Sloam, J. (2014). New Voice, Less Equal: The Civic and Political Engagement of Young People in the United States and Europe. Comparative Political Studies, 47(5), 663–688. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012453441
Soares, R., Ferreira, P., & Malafaia, C. (2021). Perfis de envolvimento cívico e político juvenil nas redes sociais: explorando atitudes e comportamentos. Configurações, (27), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.4000/configuracoes.11850
Sunstein, C. R. (2020). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton University Press.
Wattenberg, M. P. (2020). Is Voting for Young People? (5th ed.). Routledge.
##submission.downloads##
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Media & Jornalismo

Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
Os autores conservam os direitos de autor e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite a partilha do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.